信息技术的迅速发展和电子设备的大量使用,在环境中产生了如电子噪声、电磁波(EM)、电磁干扰(EMI)、射频干扰等电子污染。综述了EMI屏蔽微纳米材料相关方面的研究进展,简要分析了EMI屏蔽的基本机理和比较了纳米EMI屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,同时对比了金属和碳纳米填料EMI屏蔽复合材料,得到金属纳米EMI屏蔽复合材料,虽具有良好效果,但是存在质量大、成本高和耐腐蚀性弱等缺点。因碳系纳米材料具有质量轻,耐腐蚀性,优异的电学、电介质、热学、机械和磁性等独特特性,可替代金属作为EMI屏蔽填料,且EMI屏蔽效果优良。如多层纳米管(MWCNT)和石墨烯/聚苯胺(GN/PANI)纳米复合材料,并且两者材料的混杂可以协同改善复合材料的屏蔽效果。
The rapid development of information technology and the extensive use of electronic equipment have produced electronic pollution such as electronic noise,electromagnetic (EM) waves,electromagnetic interference (EMI),and radiofrequency interference in the environment.The research progress of EMI shielding micro-nano materials was reviewd,briefly analyzed the basic mechanism of EMI shielding and compared the preparation methods of micro-nano composites of EMI shielding.Through comparing metal and carbon nano-filled EMI shielding composites,the former had good effects though,it had the disadvantages of high weight,high cost and low corrosion resistance.Due to its light weight,corrosion resistance,excellent electrical,dielectric,thermal,mechanical and magnetic properties,carbon nanomaterials can be used as an EMI shielding filler instead of metal,and had excellent EMI shielding effects.Such as MWCNT and GNP,both hybrids can also synergistically improved the shielding effectiveness of composites.
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基金资助
全军后勤科研计划项目(BY115C007);陆军勤务学院2018年青年基金项目(X2050426)
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